Test your wine knowledge with quiz questions from our expert.
Sometimes good wines just go... bad! Meaning, of course, that chemical faults can often ruin an otherwise perfectly good bottle of vino. If a wine smells of rotten eggs, it has been compromised by what compound?
Hydrogen Sulfide
Rotten eggs? Yes, and it's... well, it's really disgusting when you find it in wine. Say hello to Hydrogen Sulfide. During fermentation, yeasts that convert sugars into alcohol need nitrogen, and if they can’t find enough of it in the grape must they’ll get it from any amino acids present, releasing this stinky gas in the process (and ruining your vino).
Sometimes good wines just go... bad! Meaning, of course, that chemical faults can often ruin an otherwise perfectly good bottle of vino. When a wine smells like Sherry, only you didn't actually buy a Sherry, we say that the wine has been...?
oxidized
When a wine takes on Sherry notes, it's often referred to as oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to (probably too much) air, such as when it has been stored so improperly (leading to the cork becoming compromised and allowing too much oxygen into the bottle as a result), or is actually a Sherry (just a really bad one).
Sometimes good wines just go... bad! Meaning, of course, that chemical faults can often ruin an otherwise perfectly good bottle of vino. Organic compounds known as mercaptans can cause what kind of off-putting stench in a wine?
Onions and cabbage
Mercaptans form when sulfur dioxide and ethyl alcohol combine during winemaking. Usually the result of diethyl mercaptans (which, alas, are untreatable), they result in smells reminiscent of cut onions or even rotting cabbages.
Sometimes good wines just go... bad! Meaning, of course, that chemical faults can often ruin an otherwise perfectly good bottle of vino. Do you know which chemical compound causes what is known as "cork taint?"
2,4,6-trichloroanisole
Long the bane of natural cork producers and widely referred to as "cork taint," musty aromas in a wine often indicate the presence of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), usually (but not always!) transferred via the cork after the wine is made (hence the name).
Our last cepage synonym quiz is a tough one! What aromatic white wine grape is also known as Mouhardrebe?
Gruner Veltliner
Gruner Veltliner, the darling of Austria and one of the best wine matches for vegetables, has some equally difficult to pronounce synonyms, including Mouhardrebe, Zleni Veltinac, Grunmuskateller and Manhardsrebe.
Prugnolo, Nerino, Morellino and Calabrese are all synonyms for what Italian red wine grape?
Sangiovese
Several clones of Sangiovese are used to make wines throughout Italy. Chianti is probably the best known red wine made from the variety, but it is also used to make Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile de Montepulciano, in quite different styles.
Continuing our focus on cepage aliases, which white wine grape is less commonly known as Quefort and as Steen?
Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc, the principal grape of Vouvray in France's Loire Valley, has a plethora of alternative names, and is widely referred to as Steen in South Africa. Most of its other synonyms (Quefort, Pineau de la Loire, Plant de Breze, Blanc de Anjou...) are used almost exclusively within France itself.
Can you identify the most common name for the grape also known as Tinto Madrid and Tinto Fino?
Tempranillo
Tempranillo, best-known as the main grape in Spanish Rioja red wines, has at least fifteen synonyms - many of them being used just within the Iberian peninsula. It also goes by Tinto Madrid, Tinto Fino, Tinto Roriz (used in many Portuguese wines), Cencibel, Tinto de la Rioja, Ull de Llebre and Tinto de Toro (among others!).
The Champagne region is home to many storied brands with unique histories, including some that have become household names. You probably know many of the famous few brand names, but do you know how many grape growers actually own the vast majority of Champagne vineyards?
19,000
According to the Center for Wine Origins, while the ten largest Champagne houses account for over half of the region's sales, they don't own the majority of the vineyards. About 19,000 small grape growers account for 90% of the ownership of vineyards in the Champagne region, one of the reasons why cooperatives, merchant houses and negociants play such major roles in getting those grapes into their final bottles.
Champagne production is one of the most highly-regulated in all of the wine world, with each bottle receiving a registration number for its producer issued by the region's governing body, and each label receiving a designation code that represents how the wine was made. What Champagne label code signifies that a Champagne was produced independently by an individual estate / grape grower?
RM
The small RM you can find on some Champagne labels stands for "Recoltant-Manipulants" and designates that the Champagne was made by an individual estate grape-grower, who produced the wine independently using a minimum of 95% of their own grapes. The other codes have meanings also:
NM = A Negociant-manipulant, or shipper, produced the Champagne from their own and from purchased grapes.
CM = Cooperative de Manipulation, a Champagne produced by an association of growers who produce and market their wines collectively.
RC = Recoltant-Cooperateur, a grower who produces Champagne at a Cooperative facility.
MA = Marque d'Acheteur, Champagne sold by a third party who purchases it and rebrands it but isn't involved in its production.
